Background: Measurement of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) is a safe, noninvasive, and portable optical method that can be used to monitor activity within the cortical areas of the human brain. Making use of specific wavelengths of light, near‑infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides measurements of oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) and deoxygenated Hb that is in direct relation with hemodynamic changes in the brain. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in rSO2 at different time points between propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia during gynecological laparoscopic surgery. After approval by the institutional ethics committee, written informed consent was taken from all eligible patients. Methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted in a gynecology operation theater complex. Thirty‑four patients aged between 18 and 60 years categorized between the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I I and II who are scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups with 17 patients in each group. The Group 1 patients receive sevoflurane anesthesia and Group 2 patients receive total intravenous anesthesia using an infusion of propofol. The rSO2 values were continuously monitored using NIRS. The bispectral index target range during maintenance was 40–50. Results: The sevoflurane group showed significantly higher rSO2 values than the propofol group in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the sevoflurane group showed significantly higher rSO2 values than the propofol group in gynecological laparoscopic surgery not only during pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position but also after desufflation of the abdomen in the neutral position (supine).