太平洋戰爭爆發後，國民政府於西元1942年建立國家總動員體制，在行政院內成立「國家總動員會議」，負責統籌總動員業務，集結了黨政軍機關首長，透過合議制定動員決策，涵蓋軍事、人力、財力、物力、運輸、文化等方面，在戰時體制中具有特殊地位。隨著持久戰的延長，該機構的業務重心向經濟層面傾斜，並成為限價政策的主管機關，猶如戰時經濟內閣。國家總動員會議的組織變遷及運作，涉及戰時體制的多重面向，包含中央機關間的協調，以及蔣中正領導權的張力。而其最終走向裁撤，也涉及機構繁冗、事權重疊等問題。這些情形有助於理解國民政府的戰時行政，以及國家總動員體制運作的細節。

The National General Mobilization Council was established in 1942, which was a special institution of the National Government in China. It convened important departments of government to draw up mobilization policies. As the war progressed, it expanded to an economic cabinet and focused on the price control policies. This paper focuses on the organization and operation of the National General Mobilization Council, which was closely related to the cooperation among government departments, and the changing of administrative operation system and Chiang Kai-Shek’s personal power. Those issues help us understand the features of the National General Mobilization System in wartime China.