日治初期，臺灣總督府為開發阿里山森林資源，派員勘查地勢，在崇山峻嶺中架橋梁、鋪鐵道、鑿山洞、設車站，打造森林鐵路，輸運高價值木材，締造阿里山林業生產的輝煌成績。隨著伐木事業蒸蒸日上，鐵路線繼續延展，帶動沿線車站、城市興起與嘉義相關產業的發展。至太平洋戰爭爆發後，臺灣各地資源投向南洋戰場，漸漸無法顧及森林鐵路的運轉，尤其當全臺灣遭到盟軍轟炸，嘉義地區難以倖免，森林鐵路輸運功能被迫停滯。戰後，臺灣省行政長官公署接管臺灣，為繼續開發阿里山森林資源，必須恢復阿里山森林鐵路正常運作。二二八事件後，臺灣省政府成立，設立農林處林業管理局接收林場，林業管理局又設置阿里山林場，負責籌劃開發阿里山林業，維繫森林鐵路營運，阿里山林場頒布多項規章，規範工作事項，辦理森林火車客貨運業務。檔案管理局典藏國家檔案，保存各項規章及作業內容。本文梳理國家檔案與相關資料，探索戰後阿里山森林鐵路的營運。

In the early days of Japanese rule, in order to develop the forest resources of Alishan, the Governor-General of Taiwan built the Alishan Forest Railway in the lofty mountains, exported high-value wood, and launched the brilliant achievements of Alishan forestry development. As Alishan's logging business continues to flourish, train routes continue to be extended, driving the rise of surrounding stations, cities, and the development of Chiayi's industries. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the resources of various places in Taiwan had to be invested in the battlefield, and the forest railway was gradually unable to take the development into account, especially after the entire Chiayi area was bombed by the Allied forces, the transportation function of the forest railway was also forced to stagnate. After the Second World War, the Office of the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province took over Taiwan, and the operation of the Alishan Forest Railway must be restored to further develop the Alishan forest resources. After the establishment of the Taiwan Provincial Government, the Forestry Administration of the Agriculture and Forestry Department was established to take over all forest farms in Taiwan. The Forestry Administration has set up Alishan Forest Farm to be responsible for the development of Alishan forestry and the operation of the forest railway. Alishan Forest Farm handles forest train passenger and freight services and promulgates a number of regulations, and these regulations are officially kept in the National Archives Administration. This article is to sort out National Archives and explore the operational deeds of Alishan Forest Railway.