噴施農藥添加展著劑之目的為促進藥劑在葉表之滯留和滲透作用。展著劑具有改變細胞膜系之通透性，及造成蛋白質變性的特質，低濃度時影響生物膜上物質的分配與傳導，高濃度下則可能溶解葉表面臘質或膜脂質，對植物造成毒害。本研究利用葉片滲漏液之電導值變化，及植株噴施之生長抑制調查，評估展著劑引起葉菜類作物藥害之潛力，進一步分析施用量及作物種類與藥害發生之關係，提供農田常用展著劑安全使用之參考。十字花科、菊科、藜科、旋花科及莧科等12種葉菜類之葉圓片，以出來通、全透力、Agral90、力道威及加收活展，五種測試展著劑之標示稀釋倍數，處理0，1，2，3及4小時後之時間序列電導測值顯示，芥菜及萵苣較具忍受性，最大電導測值為對照之1.5倍，次為青江菜與空心菜，菠菜則最為敏感，電導測值高至5倍以上，其餘測試作物大部分對出來通及加收活展之滲漏反應較明顯，電導測值達對照處理3倍以上。比較萵苣、空心菜、白莧菜、甘藍、油菜及菠菜等作物，對不同劑量展著劑之葉片滲漏反應，出來通及加收活展對油菜及菠菜葉片之滲漏影響，隨劑量提高導致電導測值之增加最為顯著，全透力、力道威及Agral90亦對油菜及菠菜之影響，較其餘測試作物明顯。以標示之稀釋倍數及系列高倍量之出來通、全透力及Agral90三種展著劑，噴施5-6葉齡之萵苣、空心菜、白莧菜、甘藍、油菜及菠菜等作物，調查植株藥害發生率，顯示甘藍、油菜及菠菜在16倍以上之標示用量下，即造成植株不可恢復之傷害。萵苣、空心菜及白莧菜之鮮重抑制率，在32倍標示用量下，仍均低於25%，甘藍及油菜則介於25-50%間，菠菜之鮮重反應隨處理用量之提高，抑制程度明顯增加。三種測試展著劑直接噴施植株，引起之藥害發生率及鮮重抑制率，均顯示出來通對作物生育之影響最為明顯，測試作物以菠菜較為敏感，次為甘藍及油菜，但一般超過標示用量16倍以上，較易造成葉菜類作物生育異常，不可恢復之藥害現象。

Surfactants are the most widely used and probably the most important of all adjuvants. These compounds often applied with herbicides, fungicides or insecticides as emulsifying, dispersing and spreading agents may cause distinct stress symptoms and considerable leaf damage. A popular method is to monitor the total ion efflux by simple measurements of the increase in conductivity of a bathing solution. This research was conducted to evaluate phytotoxic potential of surfactants on leafy vegetables and used ion leakage from leaf discs as an indicator of cell membrane integrity. Bioassay used involved leaf discs of tested crops soaked in surfactant solutions and measuring the conductivity after different hours. It had exhibited varying degrees of phytotoxicity according to the surfactants and crops used. The expression of results as a percentage of the total ion content of the discs provided a realistic comparison between different compounds. High inherent phytotoxicity was noted after treatment of spinach leaf discs with Trition, which resulted in large increases in the release of intracellular material at comparatively low concentration for each surfactant. The amount of leakage from leaf discs tended to increase as the surfactant concentration increased. Spray treatment of lettuce, convolvulus, edible amaranth, cabbage, edible rape and spinach at 5-6 leaf stage with tested surfactants, induced leaf chlorsis, leaf crinkling, leaf size reduction and plant stunting. Spinach was more sensitive to surfactants than any other species tested, while lettuce was least sensitive.