中國古籍中尋找管理智慧，近年來正方興未艾。管理思想本隨社會、經濟、技術等因素而有所遞嬗，中國的管理思想源於政治思想，至今已有兩千多年的歷史；西方之現代管理思想則由工業革命始濫觴，至今不過一百多年。本文為一探索性研究，以影響中國人最深的儒、道兩家學說，來探索中國管理思想中的「領導」概念，並回顧近代以西方觀點為主的領導理論，比較分析東西方領導理論。本研究以內容分析法，企求找出東西方「領導」思維之異同和互補之處及其現代意涵。研究結果發現中國式領導意義的豐富和多層次性，且東西方逐漸融合演進共同的領導典範。在現今全球化的時代下，東西方交流和跨文化管理日益頻仍，如何融合東西理論之優點且因地制宜發揮領導效能，是非常重要課題。本研究的結果可提供管理者跨文化管理和後續研究之基礎。

The study is an exploratory research, which used literature review and content analysis method. We compare the Leadership concept between East and West. In ancient China, Confucianism and Taoism affect Chinese people over two thousand years. We review the core concept of classics and compare with modern theories from West.The study finds that there are some differences between East and West, such as the emphasis of inside or outside. However, there are also some overlap like integrated leadership theories and Chinese thoughts. The Chinese ancient philosophy need to develop new era meanings and fit the modern business administration. In the changing global environment, managing multi-culturely is becoming more and more important, this study will be inspiring and the bases of further studies.